Notes

We will be using Python for computation in this book: in every case, we will be using the same fundamental constants in SI units, and the same imports of basic Python libraries:

import numpy as np 
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 

G = 6.6743e-11 # N m2 kg-2; Newton's Constant
k_B = 1.380649e-23 # J/K; Boltzmann's Constant
m_p = 1.67262192e-27 # kg; proton mass

M_sun = 1.9884e30 # kg
R_sun = 6.957e8 # m
Teff_sun = 5780 # effective temperature, K